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The moments of inertia of a mass have units of dimension ML 2 ([mass] × [length] 2). It should not be confused with the second moment of area, which has units of dimension L 4 ([length] 4) and is used in beam calculations. The mass moment of inertia is often also known as the rotational inertia, and sometimes as the angular mass.
The portable gravimeter developed in 1890 by Thomas C. Mendenhall provided the most accurate relative measurements of the local gravitational field of the Earth. A compound pendulum is a body formed from an assembly of particles of continuous shape that rotates rigidly around a pivot. Its moment of inertia is the sum of the moments of inertia ...
In astrophysics, the Darwin–Radau equation (named after Rodolphe Radau and Charles Galton Darwin) gives an approximate relation between the moment of inertia factor of a planetary body and its rotational speed and shape. The moment of inertia factor is directly related to the largest principal moment of inertia, C.
The Sun has by far the lowest moment of inertia factor value among Solar System bodies; it has by far the highest central density (162 g/cm 3, [3] [note 3] compared to ~13 for Earth [4] [5]) and a relatively low average density (1.41 g/cm 3 versus 5.5 for Earth).
For planet Earth, which can be approximated as an oblate spheroid with radii 6 378.1 km and 6 356.8 km, the mean radius is = (( ) ) / = . The equatorial and polar radii of a planet are often denoted r e {\displaystyle r_{e}} and r p {\displaystyle r_{p}} , respectively.
Inertia is the natural tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion and objects at rest to stay at rest, unless a force causes the velocity to change. It is one of the fundamental principles in classical physics , and described by Isaac Newton in his first law of motion (also known as The Principle of Inertia). [ 1 ]
Classical mechanics is the branch of physics used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects. [1] It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. [2]
Moment of inertia of torsion balance beam T: s: Period of oscillation of torsion balance g: m s −2: Acceleration of gravity at the surface of the Earth M earth: kg: Mass of the Earth R earth: m: Radius of the Earth earth: kg m −3: Density of the Earth