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Genetic discrimination takes different forms depending on the country and the protections that have been taken to limit genetic discrimination, such as GINA in the United States that protects people from being barred from working or from receiving healthcare as a result of their genetic makeup. [4]
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–233 (text), 122 Stat. 881, enacted May 21, 2008, GINA / ˈ dʒ iː. n ə / JEE-nə), is an Act of Congress in the United States designed to prohibit some types of genetic discrimination.
Currently, legislation pertaining to the use of genetic information and genetic discrimination at the state level varies by state. The first state laws regarding genetic information were typically designed to prohibit genetic discrimination, including prohibiting employers from demanding workers and applicants to provide genetic information as a condition of their employment.
The Genetic Discrimination Observatory (GDO) is a Montreal-based international network of researchers and other stakeholders who support the research and prevention of genetic discrimination (GD)—discrimination based on genetics or other predictive health information.
The Genetic Non-Discrimination Act (French: Loi sur la non-discrimination génétique) of 2017, also known as Bill S-201 during the 2nd Session of the 41st Parliament of Canada and the 1st Session of the 42nd Parliament of Canada, originated in a Private Member's Bill. [1] [2] It was introduced by Senators James Cowan [3] and Jennifer O'Connell ...
US federal law protects individuals from discrimination or harassment based on the following nine protected classes: sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity [3]), race/color, age, disability, national origin, religion/creed, or genetic information (added in 2008).
Genetic distance is measured by the fixation index (F ST). F ST is the correlation of randomly chosen alleles in a subgroup to a larger population. It is often expressed as a proportion of genetic diversity. This comparison of genetic variability within (and between) populations is used in population genetics. The values range from 0 to 1; zero ...
In some cases, genetic testing creates tension within a family because the results can reveal information about other family members in addition to the person who is tested. [26] The possibility of genetic discrimination in employment or insurance is also a concern.