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Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, [nb 1] was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter and heir of Henry I, king of England and ruler of Normandy , she went to Germany as a child when she was married to the future Holy Roman Emperor ...
Articles relating to Empress Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (term 1114–1125) and Lady of the English (1141–1148). See also the preceding Category:Stephen, King of England and the succeeding Category:Henry II of England
26 September – The Anarchy: Stephen captures Oxford, and besieges Matilda inside the castle. [1] December – The Anarchy: Matilda escapes from Oxford Castle across the snow in a white cape for camouflage, according to Henry of Huntingdon. [3] 1143. 1 July – The Anarchy: Battle of Wilton – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, defeats Stephen ...
The Empress Matilda—"in great state", reported James Dixon Mackenzie [28] —evacuated to Oxford in 1141, [29] [note 3] making it her headquarters and setting up her Mint. [ 31 ] [ note 4 ] Prior to her eviction from Westminster, she had made some political gains, having captured King Stephen and been recognised as "the Lady of the English ...
The Empress Matilda went on to besiege Henry of Blois at Winchester. Matilda of Boulogne then commanded her army to attack the besiegers. There was a rout in which the Empress's half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, was captured. The two Matildas then agreed to exchange prisoners and Stephen ruled as king again. [6]
Matilda's son, Henry II became king in December 1154, and had the relic sent back to Reading the following year. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa asked for the return of St. James's Hand. Instead, Henry sent him a magnificent tent, which Frederick used on his Italian campaigns.
The Battle of Lincoln, or the First Battle of Lincoln, occurred on 2 February 1141 in Lincoln, England between King Stephen of England and forces loyal to Empress Matilda. Stephen was captured during the battle, imprisoned, and effectively deposed while Matilda ruled for a short time.
William was born around 1085. He was the eldest son and heir of Alan fitz Flaad, a Breton noble whose family were closely associated with the sacred environs of Dol-de-Bretagne, close to the border with Normandy and a short distance south-west of the great abbey of Mont Saint-Michel.