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  2. Parametric polymorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_polymorphism

    Impredicative polymorphism (also called first-class polymorphism) is the most powerful form of parametric polymorphism. [1]: 340 In formal logic, a definition is said to be impredicative if it is self-referential; in type theory, it refers to the ability for a type to be in the domain of a quantifier it contains. This allows the instantiation ...

  3. Method overriding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_overriding

    C++ does not have the keyword super that a subclass can use in Java to invoke the superclass version of a method that it wants to override. Instead, the name of the parent or base class is used followed by the scope resolution operator. For example, the following code presents two classes, the base class Rectangle, and the derived class Box.

  4. Polymorphism (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(computer...

    Polymorphism can be distinguished by when the implementation is selected: statically (at compile time) or dynamically (at run time, typically via a virtual function). This is known respectively as static dispatch and dynamic dispatch, and the corresponding forms of polymorphism are accordingly called static polymorphism and dynamic polymorphism.

  5. Polymorphic recursion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphic_recursion

    Notable examples of systems employing polymorphic recursion include Dussart, Henglein and Mossin's binding-time analysis [2] and the Tofte–Talpin region-based memory management system. [3] As these systems assume the expressions have already been typed in an underlying type system (not necessary employing polymorphic recursion), inference can ...

  6. Covariance and contravariance (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contra...

    Early versions of Java and C# did not include generics, also termed parametric polymorphism. In such a setting, making arrays invariant rules out useful polymorphic programs. For example, consider writing a function to shuffle an array, or a function that tests two arrays for equality using the Object. equals method on the elements. The ...

  7. List of PDF software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PDF_software

    As with Adobe Acrobat, Nitro PDF Pro's reader is free; but unlike Adobe's free reader, Nitro's free reader allows PDF creation (via a virtual printer driver, or by specifying a filename in the reader's interface, or by drag-'n-drop of a file to Nitro PDF Reader's Windows desktop icon); Ghostscript not needed. PagePlus: Proprietary: No

  8. Bounded quantification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded_quantification

    The following example demonstrates how to describe types that can be compared to each other and use this as typing information in polymorphic functions. The Test.min function uses simple bounded quantification and does not ensure the objects are mutually comparable, in contrast with the Test.fMin function which uses F-bounded quantification.

  9. Curiously recurring template pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring...

    In the above example, the function Base<Derived>::interface(), though declared before the existence of the struct Derived is known by the compiler (i.e., before Derived is declared), is not actually instantiated by the compiler until it is actually called by some later code which occurs after the declaration of Derived (not shown in the above ...