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Damascus was the first major city of the Eastern Roman Empire to fall in the Muslim conquest of Syria. The last of the Roman–Persian Wars ended in 628, after Heraclius concluded a successful campaign against the Persians in Mesopotamia. At the same time, Muhammad united the Arabs under the banner of Islam.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
The Fatimid dynasty claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.The dynasty legitimized its claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter and her husband Ali, the first Shī'a Imām, hence the dynasty's name, fāṭimiyy (Arabic: فَاطِمِيّ), the Arabic relative adjective for "Fāṭima".
[36] [71] According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad also sent letters to many rulers of the world, asking them to convert to Islam (the exact date are given variously in the sources). [9] [72] [73] Hence he sent messengers (with letters) to Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire (the eastern Roman Empire), Khosrau of Persia, the chief of Yemen and to ...
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. The early Muslim conquests that occurred following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces expanding over vast territories and building imperial structures over time.
Some contemporary Muslim exegesis [clarification needed] suggests that the Romans referred to in the prophecy variously correspond to the Gulf War coalition, [10] or the Russians, because Russia is the most populous Orthodox Christian country and considers itself the inheritor of the Eastern Roman Empire, or contemporary Europeans. [11]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
In verses 20:29-32, Moses asks God to include his brother Aaron in his prophetic mission. [106] His prayer is answered by God, as evidenced by verses 20:36-42, 25:35, [107] and 28:35. [108] Aaron thus becomes the chosen associate of Moses in his prophetic mission and in revelation, [107] [109] as described in verses 21:48-9 and 2:248. [109]