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There have been numerous flood incidents around the world which have caused devastating damage to infrastructure, the natural environment and human life. [37] Floods can have devastating impacts to human societies. Flooding events worldwide are increasing in frequency and severity, leading to increasing costs to societies. [37]
Flood stage is the water level, as read by a stream gauge or tide gauge, for a body of water at a particular location, measured from the level at which a body of water threatens lives, property, commerce, or travel. [1] The term "at flood stage" is commonly used to describe the point at which this occurs.
Flood modelling is a tool used to model flood hazard and the effects on humans and the physical environment. [66] Flood modelling takes into consideration how flood hazards, external and internal processes and factors, and the main drivers of floods interact with each other.
Climate change is already making extreme flooding more frequent and intense and by 2050 100-year flood events are projected to occur at least twice as frequently as today across 40% of the planet.
Infrastructure Development: Structural measures as traditionally used by flood control, such as dams, levees, and flood barriers, play an important role in IFM as well by reducing the physical impact of floods. For IFM, these measures are implemented often through Nature-based solutions, considering also ecological considerations and potential ...
Flood forecasting is the process of predicting the occurrence, magnitude, timing, and duration of floods in a specific area, often by analysing various hydrological, meteorological, and environmental factors. The primary goal of flood forecasting is to deliver timely and accurate information to decision-makers, empowering them to take ...
In England and Wales, the Environment Agency requires a professional Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) to be submitted alongside planning applications in areas that are known to be at risk of flooding (within flood zones 2 or 3) and/ or are greater than 1ha in area, planning permission is not usually granted until the FRA has been accepted by the Environment Agency.
In 2015, more than 11% of built-up areas globally faced high or very high flood risk, meaning areas at risk of flooding depths of at least 50 cm (17 inches) during 1-in-100-year flooding events ...