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  2. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Fresh water can have widely ranging pH values depending on the geology of the drainage basin or aquifer and the influence of contaminant inputs . If the water is acidic (lower than 7), lime, soda ash, or sodium hydroxide can be added to raise the pH during water purification processes. Lime addition increases the calcium ion concentration, thus ...

  3. Iron oxide adsorption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_oxide_adsorption

    This adjustment also lowers the pH of the well water, decreasing alkalinity and allowing more cationic species such Fe(+) or As(+) as to exist freely within the flow. Low pH also decreases the solubility of some iron and arsenic species as well as increasing the adsorptive reactivity of arsenate, As(V).

  4. E. A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._A._Fairbairn_Water...

    The EA Fairbairn Water Treatment plant is designed to treat up to 200 million gallons per day utilizing settling, coagulation with aluminum sulfate, chlorine disinfection (2 times), fluoridation, and pH adjustment.

  5. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    The desalinated water is stabilized to protect downstream pipelines and storage, usually by adding lime or caustic soda to prevent corrosion of concrete-lined surfaces. Liming material is used to adjust pH between 6.8 and 8.1 to meet the potable water specifications, primarily for effective disinfection and for corrosion control.

  6. Settling basin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settling_basin

    Settling basins are designed to retain water long enough so that suspended solids can settle to obtain a high purity water in the outlet and to provide the opportunity for pH adjustment. [12] Other processes that could be used: thickeners, clarifiers, hydro cyclones and membrane filtration are highly used techniques in the field. [13]

  7. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter or a color-changing indicator. Measurements of pH are important in chemistry, agronomy, medicine, water treatment, and many other applications.

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