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  2. Developmental psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychology

    Stage 3: Play age (3 to 5) in which the psychosocial crisis is Initiative vs. Guilt. (This stage is also called the "pre-school age", "exploratory age" and "toy age".) [109] Stage 4: School age (5 to 12) in which the psychosocial crisis is Industry vs. Inferiority; Infancy. As stated, the psychosocial crisis for Erikson is Trust versus Mistrust.

  3. Developmental stage theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_stage_theories

    The development of the human mind is complex and a debated subject, and may take place in a continuous or discontinuous fashion. [4] Continuous development, like the height of a child, is measurable and quantitative, while discontinuous development is qualitative, like hair or skin color, where those traits fall only under a few specific phenotypes. [5]

  4. Cognitive development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_development

    Qualitative differences between how a child processes their waking experience and how an adult processes their waking experience are acknowledged (such as object permanence, the understanding of logical relations, and cause-effect reasoning in school-age children). Cognitive development is defined as the emergence of the ability to consciously ...

  5. Piaget's theory of cognitive development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaget's_theory_of...

    He said that this stage starts towards the end of the second year. It starts when the child begins to learn to speak and lasts up until the age of seven. During the pre-operational stage of cognitive development, Piaget noted that children do not yet understand concrete logic and cannot mentally manipulate information. [38]

  6. Bicameral mentality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameral_mentality

    An early criticism by philosopher Ned Block argued that Jaynes had confused the emergence of consciousness with the emergence of the concept of consciousness. In other words, according to Block, humans were conscious all along but did not have the concept of consciousness and thus did not discuss it in their texts.

  7. Not only a matter of education - HuffPost

    images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-10-31-FormarNot...

    necessary but not sufficient condition for Latino students to succeed in American schools” (KERPER MORA, 2002: 32). Thus, broader reforms such as increasing parental choice have been promoted as achieving more sustainable and equitable results. During the 1990s, a new school reform movement became extremely influential in the United States.

  8. Jaynes proposes that consciousness is a learned behavior rooted in language and culture rather than being innate. He distinguishes consciousness from sensory awareness and cognition. Jaynes introduces the concept of the "bicameral mind", a non-conscious mentality prevalent in early humans that relied on auditory hallucinations.

  9. Infant cognitive development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_cognitive_development

    Hanus Papousek (1977) looked at the concept that learning at an early stage of development may not be beneficial to the infant if it creates overstimulation. In an experiment he conditioned infants to turn their heads to the sound of a buzzer. The training for the task began either at birth or at 31 or at 44 days.