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The reaction of an organic substrate with phosgene is called phosgenation. [9] Phosgenation of diols give carbonates (R = H, alkyl, aryl), which can be either linear or cyclic: n HO−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −OH + n COCl 2 → [−O−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −O−C(=O)−] n + 2n HCl. An example is the reaction of phosgene with bisphenol A to form ...
The sulfonium oxidations can be categorized into two groups: The methods discovered earliest rely on activated alcohols like alkyl tosylates (Kornblum oxidation) [2] or alkyl chloroformates (from reaction of alcohols with phosgene: Barton-Kornblum) [3] that react as electrophiles when treated with DMSO, liberating an oxygenated leaving group (e.g. OTs−).
Phosgene (carbonyl dichloride, Cl–CO–Cl) is a very toxic gas that is the dichloride of carbonic acid (HO–CO–OH). Both chlorine atoms in phosgene can undergo reactions analogous to the preceding reactions of acyl halides. Phosgene is used a reactant in the production of polycarbonate polymers, among other industrial applications.
Phosgene oxime can be prepared by reduction of chloropicrin using a combination of tin metal and hydrochloric acid as the source of the active hydrogen reducing agent: Cl 3 CNO 2 + 4 [H] → Cl 2 C=N−OH + HCl + H 2 O. The observation of a transient violet color in the reaction suggests intermediate formation of trichloronitrosomethane (Cl 3 ...
Organic carbonates are not prepared from inorganic carbonate salts. [citation needed] Two main routes to carbonate esters are practiced: the reaction of an alcohol (or phenol) with phosgene (phosgenation), and the reaction of an alcohol with carbon monoxide and an oxidizer (oxidative carbonylation).
General Hospital just bid goodbye to a major character.. During the Friday, Dec. 13 episode, fan-favorite Dex Heller, played by Evan Hofer, met his demise. Dex had been expected to make a full ...
Brazil expects the South American trade bloc Mercosur to speed up more free trade negotiations after clinching a deal with the European Union, as the threat of U.S. tariffs forces countries to ...
While nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions can be base-catalyzed, the reaction will not occur if the leaving group is a stronger base than the nucleophile (i.e. the leaving group must have a higher pK a than the nucleophile). Unlike acid-catalyzed processes, both the nucleophile and the leaving group exist as anions under basic conditions.