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  2. Binomial coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient

    The formula follows from considering the set {1, 2, 3, ..., n} and counting separately (a) the k-element groupings that include a particular set element, say "i", in every group (since "i" is already chosen to fill one spot in every group, we need only choose k − 1 from the remaining n − 1) and (b) all the k-groupings that don't include "i ...

  3. Mark and recapture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_and_recapture

    K = Number of animals captured on the second visit k = Number of recaptured animals that were marked. A biologist wants to estimate the size of a population of turtles in a lake. She captures 10 turtles on her first visit to the lake, and marks their backs with paint. A week later she returns to the lake and captures 15 turtles.

  4. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher's_fundamental...

    The proper way of applying the abstract mathematics of the theorem to actual biology has been a matter of some debate, however, it is a true theorem. [3] It states: "The rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time." [4] Or in more modern terminology:

  5. Binomial distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution

    The formula can be understood as follows: p k q n−k is the probability of obtaining the sequence of n independent Bernoulli trials in which k trials are "successes" and the remaining n − k trials result in "failure".

  6. Degrees of freedom (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom...

    Then, at each of the n measured points, the weight of the original value on the linear combination that makes up the predicted value is just 1/k. Thus, the trace of the hat matrix is n/k. Thus the smooth costs n/k effective degrees of freedom. As another example, consider the existence of nearly duplicated observations.

  7. Equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation

    In mathematics, the theory of linear systems is a fundamental part of linear algebra, a subject which is used in many parts of modern mathematics. Computational algorithms for finding the solutions are an important part of numerical linear algebra , and play a prominent role in physics , engineering , chemistry , computer science , and economics .

  8. ‘Latinos Break The Mold’ by Huffington Post

    testkitchen.huffingtonpost.com/latinos-break-the...

    Built with Readymag—a tool to design anything on the web.

  9. Complex number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

    A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i 2 = −1.