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However, the United States' score decreased between 2011 and 2012. [93] [176] United Nations' Gender Inequality Index (part of the Human Development Report) shows that the US scored 19% in gender inequality in 2017 ranking in the 13th place out of 173 countries in terms of the Human Development Index. [177]
Gender research has heavily focused on the interaction between gender and the economy. Typically, research in this area involves the issue of the gender pay gap.Another aspect of gender research in economics is the less studied issue of gender-based price disparities in the cost of goods and services across different industries.
Exacerbating inequality: Oxfam, in a report compiled using publicly available data, argued that the largest US firms have also reinforced gender and racial inequality in the workplace by ...
There are several forms of economic discrimination. The most common form of discrimination is wage inequality, followed by unequal hiring practices. But there is also discrimination against minority consumers and minority businesses in a number of areas, and religious or ethnic discrimination in countries outside the United States. [12]
The gender pay gap impacts all women, but not in the same way. ... But there’s still one obstacle in their way today: the gender pay gap. ... non-Hispanic men’s between 1988 and 2022 are based ...
Gender inequality, the social process by which men and women are not treated as equals; Gender pension gap, the cumulative impact of the gender pay gap. Global Gender Gap Report, an index, published by the World Economic Forum, designed to measure gender equality; Sex ratio, the ratio of males to females in a population
Further research is being pursued on digital gender-based price discrimination. In recent news coming from the United States, New York state made into law the first prohibition on the pink tax, which went into effect in September 2020. Followed by California which has also introduced similar legislation. [85]
The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is an index designed to measure gender equality.GEM is the United Nations Development Programme's attempt to measure the extent of gender inequality across the globe's countries, based on estimates of women's relative economic income, participation in high-paying positions with economic power, and access to professional and parliamentary positions.