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By convention, the strain is set to the horizontal axis and stress is set to vertical axis. Note that for engineering purposes we often assume the cross-section area of the material does not change during the whole deformation process. This is not true since the actual area will decrease while deforming due to elastic and plastic deformation.
Fig. 1: Critical stress vs slenderness ratio for steel, for E = 200 GPa, yield strength = 240 MPa.. Euler's critical load or Euler's buckling load is the compressive load at which a slender column will suddenly bend or buckle.
Buckling may occur even though the stresses that develop in the structure are well below those needed to cause failure in the material of which the structure is composed. . Further loading may cause significant and somewhat unpredictable deformations, possibly leading to complete loss of the member's load-carrying capac
there is no change in beam thickness after deformation However, normals to the axis are not required to remain perpendicular to the axis after deformation. The equation for the quasistatic bending of a linear elastic, isotropic, homogeneous beam of constant cross-section beam under these assumptions is [ 7 ]
In geology and materials science, a deformation mechanism is a process occurring at a microscopic scale that is responsible for deformation: changes in a material's internal structure, shape and volume. [1] [2] The process involves planar discontinuity and/or displacement of atoms from their original position within a crystal lattice structure.
In mechanics, strain is defined as relative deformation, compared to a reference position configuration. Different equivalent choices may be made for the expression of a strain field depending on whether it is defined with respect to the initial or the final configuration of the body and on whether the metric tensor or its dual is considered.
Stress in a material body may be due to multiple physical causes, including external influences and internal physical processes. Some of these agents (like gravity, changes in temperature and phase, and electromagnetic fields) act on the bulk of
Strength depends upon material properties. The strength of a material depends on its capacity to withstand axial stress, shear stress, bending, and torsion.The strength of a material is measured in force per unit area (newtons per square millimetre or N/mm², or the equivalent megapascals or MPa in the SI system and often pounds per square inch psi in the United States Customary Units system).