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Porter's Five Forces Framework is a method of analysing the competitive environment of a business. It draws from industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and, therefore, the attractiveness (or lack thereof) of an industry in terms of its profitability.
Michael Eugene Porter (born May 23, 1947) [2] is an American businessman and professor at Harvard Business School. He was one of the founders of the consulting firm The Monitor Group (now part of Deloitte) and FSG, a social impact consultancy. He is credited with creating Porter's five forces analysis, a widely-used
A complementary product is a segment added to the six forces model compared to the five forces model. Two products are complementary when one product or service provides a complementary function. They usually serve the user simultaneously, so they exist as the sixth force of Porter's model.
This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Profiling combines all of the relevant sources of competitor analysis into one framework in the support of efficient and effective strategy formulation, implementation, monitoring and adjustment.
Porter's model is not just for businesses, but can also be applied to a country to help gain insight into creating a competitive advantage in the global market. [13] The ultimate purpose of Porter's five forces model is to help businesses compare and analyze their profitability and position with the industry against indirect and direct competition.
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Porter wrote in 1980 that strategy targets either cost leadership, differentiation, or focus. [1] These are known as Porter's three generic strategies and can be applied to any size or form of business. Porter claimed that a company must only choose one of the three or risk that the business would waste precious resources.
According to Porter, the appropriate level for constructing a value chain is the business unit within a business, [4] not a business division or the company as a whole. Porter is concerned that analysis at the higher company levels may hide certain sources of competitive advantage only visible at the business unit level. [5]