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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Sterile abdominal surgery, under normal circumstances, causes localised or minimal generalised peritonitis, which may leave behind a foreign body reaction or fibrotic adhesions. However, peritonitis may also be caused by the rare case of a sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g., gauze, sponge).
Recovery time depends on age, condition, complications, and other circumstances, including the amount of alcohol consumption, but usually is between 10 and 28 days. For young children (around ten years old), the recovery takes three weeks. The possibility of peritonitis is the reason why acute appendicitis warrants rapid evaluation and treatment.
[5] [2] Complications can include inflammation and ulceration of the colon with tissue death or perforation, which may result in peritonitis. [2] Anemia may develop due to prolonged gastric bleeding. [2] Cysts of Entamoeba can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails. [2]
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, though it can be seen in males rarely. [5] It is complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea) though other bacteria such as Bacteroides, Gardnerella, E. coli and Streptococcus have also been found to cause Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome on occasion. [6]
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a chronic clinical syndrome with an insidious onset that manifests as chronic undernourishment accompanied by sporadic, acute, or subacute gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms. [1]
Post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) or post-infectious syndromes are medical conditions characterized by symptoms attributed to a prior infection.While it is commonly assumed that people either recover or die from infections, long-term symptoms—or sequelae—are a possible outcome as well. [1]
Despite a significant mortality risk, long-term prognosis for infants undergoing NEC surgery is improving, with survival rates of 70–80%. However, "Surgical NEC" survivors are still at risk for possible long-term complications, such as narrowing of the intestines [ 18 ] or Short bowel syndrome and neurodevelopmental disability .