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  2. Glossary of graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_graph_theory

    An ordered pair of vertices, such as an edge in a directed graph. An arrow (x, y) has a tail x, a head y, and a direction from x to y; y is said to be the direct successor to x and x the direct predecessor to y. The arrow (y, x) is the inverted arrow of the arrow (x, y). articulation point A vertex in a connected graph whose removal would ...

  3. Graph of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_of_a_function

    Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.

  4. Graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory

    In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.

  5. Graph (discrete mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)

    A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).

  6. Cartesian coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

    In analytic geometry, unknown or generic coordinates are often denoted by the letters (x, y) in the plane, and (x, y, z) in three-dimensional space. This custom comes from a convention of algebra, which uses letters near the end of the alphabet for unknown values (such as the coordinates of points in many geometric problems), and letters near ...

  7. List of graphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_graphs

    The web graph W 4,2 is a cube. The web graph W n,r is a graph consisting of r concentric copies of the cycle graph C n, with corresponding vertices connected by "spokes". Thus W n,1 is the same graph as C n, and W n,2 is a prism. A web graph has also been defined as a prism graph Y n+1, 3, with the edges of the outer cycle removed. [7] [10]

  8. Graph operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_operations

    graph intersection: G 1 ∩ G 2 = (V 1 ∩ V 2, E 1 ∩ E 2); [1] graph join: . Graph with all the edges that connect the vertices of the first graph with the vertices of the second graph. It is a commutative operation (for unlabelled graphs); [2] graph products based on the cartesian product of the vertex sets:

  9. Coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_system

    A point in the plane may be represented in homogeneous coordinates by a triple (x, y, z) where x/z and y/z are the Cartesian coordinates of the point. [10] This introduces an "extra" coordinate since only two are needed to specify a point on the plane, but this system is useful in that it represents any point on the projective plane without the ...