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Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (25 May 1818 – 8 August 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. His best known work is The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860).
According to Denys Hay: . Burckhardt sought to capture and define the spirit of the age in all its main manifestations. For him ‘’Kultur’’ was the whole picture: politics, manners, religion...the character that animated the particular activities of a people in a given epoch, and of which pictures, buildings, social and political habits, literature, are the concrete expressions.
As originally conceived and practiced in the 19th century by Burckhardt, in relation to the Italian Renaissance, cultural history was oriented to the study of a particular historical period in its entirety, with regard not only to its painting, sculpture, and architecture, but to the economic basis underpinning society, and to the social ...
The art historian Jill Burke was the first to trace the historical origins of the term High Renaissance.It was first coined in German by Jacob Burckhardt in German (Hochrenaissance) in 1855 and has its origins in the "High Style" of painting and sculpture of the time period around the early 16th century described by Johann Joachim Winckelmann in 1764. [2]
For 18th-century historians studying the 14th and 15th centuries, the central theme was the Renaissance, with its rediscovery of ancient learning and the emergence of an individual spirit. [6] The heart of this rediscovery lies in Italy, where, in the words of Jacob Burckhardt, "Man became a spiritual individual and recognized himself as such."
Contrary to widespread prejudice, dating back to the work of Jacob Burckhardt, authors such as Paul Grendler have documented Italy's continuing vitality in the Counter-Reformation period. [9] Today the baroque period is widely considered "one of the most intriguing periods in modern Italy's literary and cultural history". [8]
One of the major progenitors of the history of culture and art, was the Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt [47] Burckhardt's best-known work is The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860). According to John Lukacs , he was the first master of cultural history, which seeks to describe the spirit and the forms of expression of a particular ...
Jacob Burckhardt analyzes witch craft as neither good or evil, [4] the women who practiced magic did so to support themselves by providing potions and spells for her patrons' desires. [10] The physical features of Fornarina are completely unlike other painted women of the time; she was more healthy-looking with ample body parts (full lips ...