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F-waves are the second of two late voltage changes observed after stimulation is applied to the skin surface above the distal region of a nerve, in addition to the H-reflex (Hoffman's Reflex) which is a muscle reaction in response to electrical stimulation of innervating sensory fibers.
Saltatory conduction. In neuroscience, nerve conduction velocity (CV) is the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway.Conduction velocities are affected by a wide array of factors, which include age, sex, and various medical conditions.
As an action potential (nerve impulse) travels down an axon, there is a change in electric polarity across the membrane of the axon. In response to a signal from another neuron, sodium- (Na +) and potassium- (K +)–gated ion channels open and close as the membrane reaches its threshold potential.
In the peripheral nervous system, the most common problem is the failure of nerve conduction, which can be due to different causes including diabetic neuropathy and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience is the field of science that focuses on the study of the nervous system.
The Journal of Physiology. 116 (4): 497– 506. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004719. PMC 1392212. PMID 14946715. Direct link to Hodgkin-Huxley paper #4 via PubMedCentral; Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (August 1952). "A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve". The Journal of Physiology.
Here is Müller's statement of the law, from Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen, 2nd Ed., translated by Edwin Clarke and Charles Donald O'Malley: . The same cause, such as electricity, can simultaneously affect all sensory organs, since they are all sensitive to it; and yet, every sensory nerve reacts to it differently; one nerve perceives it as light, another hears its ...
Nerve conduction study; Nerve conduction velocity; Neural control of limb stiffness; Neural facilitation; Neural oscillation; Neural substrate of locomotor central pattern generators in mammals; Neural top–down control of physiology; Neuroethology; Neuromodulation; Neuromodulation (medicine) Neuromuscular junction; Neuromuscular medicine ...
Further mathematical theories of nerve fiber conduction based on cable theory were developed by Cole and Hodgkin (1920s–1930s), Offner et al. (1940), and Rushton (1951). Experimental evidence for the importance of cable theory in modelling the behavior of axons began surfacing in the 1930s from work done by Cole, Curtis, Hodgkin, Sir Bernard ...