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François Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician and voodooist who served as the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. [3] He was elected president in the 1957 general election on a populist and black nationalist platform.
François Duvalier died on 21 April 1971. During his rule, an estimated 30,000 citizens were killed by the government, and hundreds of thousands of Haitians emigrated to the United States, Cuba, and Canada. François was succeeded by his son, Jean-Claude (Baby Doc), as the country's new leader following a constitutional referendum. Still a ...
(Birth–Death) Elected Term of office Party Title(s) Took office Left office Time in office 39 François Duvalier (1907–1971) 1957 1961 1964: 22 October 1957 21 April 1971† [11] [12] 13 years, 181 days National Unity Party: President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971) 40 Jean-Claude Duvalier
The 1970 Haitian coup attempt, also known as the Cayard affair, [1] was a failed coup d'état by dissident elements of the Haitian Coast Guard, led by Colonel and Coast Guard Commandant Octave Cayard, against the François Duvalier dictatorship. Hastily executed, the coup attempt was prompted by government crackdowns that rounded up alleged ...
"Papa Doc" Duvalier created the Tontons Macoutes because he perceived the regular military to be a threat to his power. After the July 1958 Haitian coup attempt against President François Duvalier, he purged the army and law enforcement agencies in Haiti and executed numerous officers perceived to be a threat to his regime. To counteract such ...
Jean-Claude Duvalier (French: [ʒɑ̃klod dyvalje]; 3 July 1951 – 4 October 2014), nicknamed "Baby Doc" (French: Bébé Doc, Haitian Creole: Bebe Dòk), was a Haitian dictator who inherited the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in February 1986.
After the death of François Duvalier in 1971, Cambronne was said to be interested in becoming Prime Minister under his son and successor, Jean-Claude Duvalier. Jean-Claude's mother, Simone Duvalier, outmaneuvered Cambronne and insisted on his exile. [1] [7] [2] He was replaced by Roger Lafontant as leader of the Tonton Macoutes and Minister.
When her son was ousted from power in February 1986, Simone Duvalier joined him and his wife, Michèle Bennett, in exile in France. She was rarely seen in public. After her son's bitter divorce from his wife, Simone Duvalier lived with her son in relative poverty in the suburbs of Paris. [2] She died on 26 December 1997 at the age of 84. [2]