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The alkaline fuel cell (AFC) or hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell was designed and first demonstrated publicly by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1959. It was used as a primary source of electrical energy in the Apollo space program. [41] The cell consists of two porous carbon electrodes impregnated with a suitable catalyst such as Pt, Ag, CoO, etc.
The Cold War Space Race drove further development of fuel cell technology. Project Gemini tested fuel cells to provide electrical power during crewed space missions. [30] [31] Fuel cell development continued with the Apollo Program. The electrical power systems in the Apollo capsules and lunar modules used alkali fuel cells. [30]
Arvin Meritor, a Tier 1 supplier of automotive technology, at one time, was experimenting with a plasma reformer technology which would use hydrogen produced from the fuel to enhance engine combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of NO x. [26] This reference states that a 20% to 30% increase in engine thermal efficiency is possible. However ...
In 2008, The Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator achieved straight-level flight on a crewed mission powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. 2008 - Aircraft, Boeing [80] 2015 - Drone, Intelligent Energy, UK tested successfully Drones with Hydrogen fuel cell engine. [81] 2016 - HY4 is the first passenger aircraft in Germany. [82]
Alset Global GmbH is an Austrian technology and engineering company based in Graz that specialises in hydrogen-based clean mobility products. Alset Global is known for developing a Hybrid Hydrogen internal combustion engine that can run on either pure petrol, pure hydrogen or a combination of both. [1]
The hydrogen combustion engine has a peak at high load and can achieve similar efficiency levels as a hydrogen fuel cell. [34] From this, one can deduce that hydrogen combustion engines are a match in terms of efficiency for fuel cells for heavy duty applications. Efficiency decreases for small internal combustion engines.
2007 – Hydrogen 7 is powered by a dual-fuel internal combustion engine–liquid hydrogen 2007 – BMW H2R speed record car – ICE–liquid hydrogen CMB.TECH (Compagnie Maritime Belge)
The Toyota FCHV and Honda FCX, which began leasing on December 2, 2002, became the world's first government-certified commercial hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, [16] [15] [33] and the Honda FCX Clarity, which began leasing in 2008, was the world's first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle designed for mass production rather than adapting an existing model ...