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The first phase (Edwardian phase (1337–1360)) of the Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted from 1337 to 1360. It is sometimes referred to as the Edwardian War because it was initiated by King Edward III of England , who claimed the French throne in defiance of King Philip VI of France .
The Hundred Years' War (French: Guerre de Cent Ans; 1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy of Aquitaine and was triggered by a claim to the French throne made by Edward III of England .
1360: Black Monday – a freak hail storm struck and killed an estimated 1,000 English soldiers, causing mass casualty. 1364: The defeat and death of Charles of Blois at the Battle of Auray marks the end of the Breton War of Succession. 1366: The Black Prince intervenes in the civil war in Castile between Pedro the Cruel and Henry of Trastamara.
The Treaty of Brétigny was a treaty, drafted on 8 May 1360 and ratified on 24 October 1360, between Kings Edward III of England and John II of France.In retrospect, it is seen as having marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) as well as the height of English power on the European continent.
The Treaty of Guînes (, gheen) was a draft settlement to end the Hundred Years' War, negotiated between England and France and signed at Guînes on 6 April 1354. The war had broken out in 1337 and was further aggravated in 1340 when the English king, Edward III, claimed the French throne.
Chevauchée of the Black Prince Part of Hundred Years' War Near-contemporary image of the Battle of Poitiers Date 4 August – 2 October 1356 Location South-west France Result Anglo-Gascon victory Belligerents Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Commanders and leaders Edward, the Black Prince John II (POW) Strength 6,000 Unknown but large Casualties and losses Few Heavy
1327–1377), on 24 May 1337 Philip's Great Council in Paris agreed that Gascony and Ponthieu should be taken back into Philip's hands on the grounds that Edward was in breach of his obligations as a vassal. This marked the start of the Hundred Years' War, which was to last 116 years. [5]
In 1360 the fighting was brought to a temporary halt by the Treaty of Brétigny under which large areas of France were ceded to England. In 1369 large-scale fighting broke out again and the Hundred Years' War did not end until 1453, by which time England had lost all its territory in France other than Calais.