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Hydroquinone is used to reduce the activated silver ions to metallic silver. During this process, hydroquinone is oxidized to quinone. All silver halide not activated by light or reduced by hydroquinone is removed, leaving a negative by deposited silver where the film had been struck by light.
The resulting hydroquinone is poorly soluble in typical reaction solvents (dioxane, benzene, alkanes), which facilitates workup. Solutions of DDQ in benzene are red, due to the formation of a charge-transfer complex. [9]
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 4 O 2.In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde.
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In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image. Developing agents achieve this conversion by reducing the silver halides , which are pale-colored, into silver metal, which is black when in the form of fine ...
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and hydroquinone, whereas its two products are UDP and hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase.
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin.