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Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the hypothetical ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began ...
The Celtic languages (/ ˈ k ɛ l t ɪ k / KEL-tik) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from the hypothetical Proto-Celtic language. [2] The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, [ 3 ] following Paul-Yves Pezron , who made the explicit link between the Celts described by ...
It proposes that the proto-Celtic language arose along the Atlantic coast and was the lingua franca of the Atlantic Bronze Age cultural network, later spreading inland and eastward. [11] More recently, Cunliffe proposes that proto-Celtic had arisen in the Atlantic zone even earlier, by 3000 BC, and spread eastwards with the Bell Beaker culture ...
Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ... Proto-Celtic. Common Brittonic; Proto-Germanic. Proto-Norse; Proto-Italic. Proto-Romance.
The hypothesis that the languages spoken in Gaul and Great Britain (Gaulish and the Brittonic languages) descended from a common ancestor, separate from the Celtic languages of Ireland, Spain, and Italy, is based on a number of linguistic innovations, principally the evolution of Proto-Celtic * /kʷ/ into /p/ (thus the name "P-Celtic").
However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto-Celtic language and were Proto-Celtic in ethnicity. Arabrigenses; Aravi; Coelarni/Colarni; Interamnienses; Lancienses ...
Common Brittonic (Welsh: Brythoneg; Cornish: Brythonek; Breton: Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, [4] [5] is a Celtic language historically spoken in Britain and Brittany from which evolved the later and modern Brittonic languages.
James Mallory (2013) notes that the Beaker culture was associated with a hypothetical cluster of Indo-European dialects termed "North-West Indo-European", a cluster which includes the (predecessors of) Celtic, Italic, Germanic and Balto-Slavic branches. [43] Earlier theories suggested a link to the hypothesised Italo-Celtic, or Proto-Celtic ...