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The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
Caesium in the body has a biological half-life of about one to four months. Mercury (as methylmercury) in the body has a half-life of about 65 days. Lead in the blood has a half life of 28–36 days. [29] [30] Lead in bone has a biological half-life of about ten years. Cadmium in bone has a biological half-life of about 30 years.
The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine .
The unchanged drug was 96% bound to plasma proteins. The blood-level decline of the parent drug was biphasic, with the short half-life ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 hours and the terminal half-life from 3.5 to 18.4 hours (mean 8.8 hours), depending on the study population and method of determination. [62]
It has a relatively short elimination half-life, with the reported average value of 5 to 7 hours. [93] Because of its short elimination half-life, gabapentin must be administered 3 to 4 times per day to maintain therapeutic levels. [99] Gabapentin XR (brand name Gralise) is taken once a day. [100]
While flutazolam has a very short half-life of only 3.5 hours, n-desalkylflurazepam has a long half-life of between 47–100 hours. [4] Flutazolam is closely related in structure to another benzodiazepine, haloxazolam. [5] [6]
Triazolam is usually used for short-term treatment of acute insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including jet lag. It is an ideal benzodiazepine for this use because of its fast onset of action and short half-life. It puts a person to sleep for about 1.5 hours, allowing its user to avoid morning drowsiness.
It has a very short half-life of between 20 - 40 minutes. A high-fat meal may increase the half-life to 60 minutes. [32] Because of its short half-life some patients take the drug twice nightly. [32] Only a minor portion (1–5%) of the administered GHB dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.