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Chess is a board game for two players. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). Chess is an abstract strategy game which involves no hidden information and no elements of chance.
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order.Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; for a list of named opening lines, see List of chess openings; for a list of chess-related games, see List of ...
Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
Endgame chess (or the Pawns Game, with unknown origins): Players start the game with only pawns and a king. Normal check, checkmate, en passant, and pawn promotion rules apply. [6] Los Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess): Played on a 6×6 board without bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program.
The oldest recorded game in chess history is a 10th-century game played between a historian from Baghdad and a pupil. [11] [non-tertiary source needed] A manuscript explaining the rules of the game, called "Matikan-i-chatrang" (the book of chess) in Middle Persian or Pahlavi, still exists. [33]
Zugzwang (from German 'compulsion to move'; pronounced [ˈtsuːktsvaŋ]) is a situation found in chess and other turn-based games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because of their obligation to make a move; a player is said to be "in zugzwang" when any legal move will worsen their position.
Blindfold chess, also known as sans voir, is a form of chess play wherein the players do not see the positions of the pieces and do not touch them. This forces players to maintain a mental model of the positions of the pieces.
The result is an Open Game. Other responses to 1.e4 are termed Semi-Open Games or Single King's Pawn Games. When written in lowercase, the term "open game" refers to a chess position where ranks, files and diagonals are open, and tending to more tactical gameplay. It is possible that an Open Game may lead to a closed game. [1]