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  2. Quantum chemistry composite methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistry...

    The T1 procedure reproduces these values with mean absolute and RMS errors of 1.8 and 2.5 kJ/mol, respectively. T1 reproduces experimental heats of formation for a set of 1805 diverse organic molecules from the NIST thermochemical database [14] with mean absolute and RMS errors of 8.5 and 11.5 kJ/mol, respectively.

  3. Standard addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_addition

    Standard addition involves adding known amounts of analyte to an unknown sample, a process known as spiking.By increasing the number of spikes, the analyst can extrapolate for the analyte concentration in the unknown that has not been spiked. [2]

  4. Extrapolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapolation

    Extrapolation may also mean extension of a method, assuming similar methods will be applicable. Extrapolation may also apply to human experience to project, extend, or expand known experience into an area not known or previously experienced.

  5. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_to_in_vivo...

    To solve that extrapolation problem, more statistical models with mechanistic information are needed, or we can rely on mechanistic systems of biology models of the cell response. Those models are characterized by a hierarchical structure, such as molecular pathways, organ function, whole-cell response, cell-to- cell communications, tissue ...

  6. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  7. Aitken's delta-squared process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitken's_delta-squared_process

    In numerical analysis, Aitken's delta-squared process or Aitken extrapolation is a series acceleration method used for accelerating the rate of convergence of a sequence. It is named after Alexander Aitken, who introduced this method in 1926. [1] It is most useful for accelerating the convergence of a sequence that is converging linearly.

  8. Design of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments

    The use of a sequence of experiments, where the design of each may depend on the results of previous experiments, including the possible decision to stop experimenting, is within the scope of sequential analysis, a field that was pioneered [12] by Abraham Wald in the context of sequential tests of statistical hypotheses. [13]

  9. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. This attraction may be seen as the result of different behaviors of the outermost or valence electrons of atoms. These behaviors merge into each other seamlessly in various circumstances, so that there is no clear line to be drawn between them.