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The direct chill method sprays water onto the hot metal as it exits the mold, quickly chilling it into a solid billet form. [13] For ingots, book molds are often used, producing slabbed ingots suitable for remelting or rolling. [14] Continuous casting directly shapes the aluminium into rolling slabs without an intermediate ingot casting step.
Melting metal in a crucible for casting A metal die casting robot in an industrial foundry. Melting is performed in a furnace. Virgin material, external scrap, internal scrap, and alloying elements are used to charge the furnace. Virgin material refers to commercially pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy.
Smelting involves more than just melting the metal out of its ore. Most ores are the chemical compound of the metal and other elements, such as oxygen (as an oxide), sulfur (as a sulfide), or carbon and oxygen together (as a carbonate). To extract the metal, workers must make these compounds undergo a chemical reaction.
Casting is the primary use of aluminum-silicon alloys, but they can also be utilized in rapid solidification processes and powder metallurgy. Alloys used by powder metallurgy, rather than casting, may contain even more silicon, up to 50%. [1] Silumin has a high resistance to corrosion, making it useful in humid environments.
Cryolite is a good solvent for alumina with low melting point, satisfactory viscosity, and low vapour pressure. Its density is also lower than that of liquid aluminium (2 vs 2.3 g/cm 3 ), which allows natural separation of the product from the salt at the bottom of the cell.
Cast iron casting. Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process.
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Semi-solid metal casting (SSM) is a near net shape variant of die casting. [1] The process is used today with non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium, copper, [2] and magnesium. It can work with higher temperature alloys that lack suitable die materials. The process combines the advantages of casting and forging.