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The Tonkawa are a Native American tribe from Oklahoma and Texas. [2] Their Tonkawa language, now extinct, [4] is a linguistic isolate. [5] Today, Tonkawa people are enrolled in the federally recognized Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, headquartered in Tonkawa, Oklahoma. [6] They have more than 700 tribal citizens. [1]
Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma 1 Rush Buffalo Road Tonkawa, OK 74653. Contact by Email
During the Civil War, Tonkawa guided state and Confederate troops against the Comanche, according to Stanley S. McGowen in his 2018 book The Texas Tonkawas. In return, a coalition of Native American forces wiped out almost half the remaining Tonkawa.
Tonkawa, North American Indian tribe of what is now south-central Texas. Their language is considered by some to belong to the Coahuiltecan family and by others to be a distinct linguistic stock in the Macro-Algonquian phylum.
The Tonkawa belong to the Tonkawan linguistic family, that was once composed of a number of small sub-tribes that lived in a region that extended west from south central Texas and western Oklahoma to eastern New Mexico. The Tonkawa had a distinct language, and their name, as that of the leading tribe, was applied to their linguistic family.
The Tonkawas had a plains Indian culture, subsisting on the buffalo and small game. When the Apaches began to push them from their hunting grounds, they became a destitute culture, living off what little food they could scavenge.
The Tonkawa are an American Indian tribe of the southern Great Plains. Once believed to be indigenous to Texas, recent scholarship places the Tonkawa in present northwestern Oklahoma in 1601. The Tonkawa were on the Red River by 1700, having been pushed south by the Apache.
The earliest residents of the Round Rock area were the two hundred tribes that were the ancestors of the Tonkawa Indians (Scarbrough 25). As early as 8000 B.C., groups of hunter-gatherers roamed the plains from the Guadalupe River north to the headwaters of the Neches (Jones, Map 1).
The Tonkawa Tribal Reserve is located in Kay County, in Northern Oklahoma. Tribal headquarters are situated on the west bank of the Chikaskia River, about 2.5 miles southeast of the town of Tonkawa. Ponca City lies just 12 miles east via U.S. 60.
One of the more fascinating cultures of the original Red River Valley people are the Tonkawas, a very distinct Texas tribe. Let's just get this out of the way first: the jury's still out if the Tonkawas, a hunter-gatherer tribe that was original to central Texas, were actually man-eaters.