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Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus). [1] Symptoms include projectile vomiting without the presence of bile . [ 1 ] This most often occurs after the baby is fed. [ 1 ]
Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect foreign bodies.
A gastric emptying scintigraphy test involves eating a bland meal that contains a small amount of radioactive material. An external camera scans the abdomen to locate the radioactive material. The radiologist measures the rate of gastric emptying at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal. The test can help confirm a diagnosis of dumping syndrome.
In children, congenital pyloric stenosis / congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may be a cause. A pancreatic pseudocyst can cause gastric compression. Pyloric mucosal diaphragm could be a rare cause. Malignant Tumours of the stomach, including adenocarcinoma (and its linitis plastica variant), lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours
The pyloric tit sign is a radiological finding observed during barium studies in cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. [1] It appears as an outpouching on the lesser curvature of the stomach, just proximal to the impression created by the hypertrophied pyloric muscle.
H. pylori can be diagnosed by testing the blood for antibodies, a urea breath test, testing the stool for signs of the bacteria, or a biopsy of the stomach. [1] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include stomach cancer, coronary heart disease, and inflammation of the stomach lining or gallbladder inflammation. [1]
The pyloromyotomy is primarily indicated by the presence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. [5] [1] Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis is a gastrointestinal tract defect, most commonly seen in young children, typically in the first few months of life, caused by enlargement of the tissue in the pyloric muscle.
Breath tests have their own reliability problems with a high rate of false positive. Some doctors factor in a patients' response to treatment as part of the diagnosis. [4] Biopsies of the small bowel in bacterial overgrowth can mimic celiac disease, with partial villous atrophy. Breath tests have been developed to test for bacterial overgrowth.