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FM 3-24 Counterinsurgency is a US Army manual, created by General David H. Petraeus and James F. Amos. The foreword is by Sarah Sewall . The document has been credited with changing for the better the US approach to insurgency in Iraq. [ 1 ]
Counterinsurgency (COIN, or NATO spelling counter-insurgency [1]) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". [2] The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionaries" [3] and can be considered war by a state against a non-state adversary. [4]
For the United States military, the use of money through CERP was considered an effective counterinsurgency weapon. [3] By January 2011, the United States Military spent $2 billion on 16,000 projects in Afghanistan over 6 years using CERP to assist the people. [4]
Clear and hold is a counter-insurgency strategy in which military personnel clear an area of guerrillas or other insurgents, and then keep the area clear of insurgents while winning the support of the populace for the government and its policies.
Foreign internal defense (FID) is a term used by the military in several countries, including the United States, France and the United Kingdom, to describe an integrated or multi-country approach to combating actual or threatened insurgency in a foreign state.
It uses an average of percentages of world totals in six different components. The components represent demographic, economic, and military strength. [1] More recent studies tend to use the (CINC) score, which “focuses on measures that are more salient to the perception of true state power” beyond GDP. [2]
A variety of models for understanding insurgency and planning the counterinsurgency (COIN) response have been developed. One model that has become respected both in academic and military context is the "Magic Diamond" model developed by Gordon McCormick of the RAND Corporation. [1]
Combat effectiveness is the capacity or performance of a military force to succeed in undertaking an operation, mission or objective. [1] Determining optimal combat effectiveness is crucial in the armed forces, whether they are deployed on land, air or sea.