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Burmese is an agglutinative language. It has a subject-object-verb word order and is head-final . Particles are heavily utilized to convey syntactic functions, with wide divergence between literary and colloquial forms.
This was a consequence of Pali grammar, which dictates that participles can be used in noun functions. [5] Pali grammar also influenced negation in written Old Burmese, as many Old Burmese inscriptions adopt the Pali method of negation. [5] In Burmese, negation is accomplished by prefixing a negative particle မ (ma.) to the verb being negated.
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Burmese exhibits pronoun avoidance, where pronouns are avoided for politeness. [1] This is an areal feature also common in major regional Asian languages like Thai, Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese. [1] In Burmese, speakers account for social distinctions linguistically, reflecting gender, relative age, kinship, social status, and intimacy.
The Constitution of Myanmar officially refers to it as the Myanmar language in English, [3] though most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese, after Burma—a name with co-official status until 1989 (see Names of Myanmar). Burmese is the most widely-spoken language in the country, where it serves as the lingua franca. [4]
He co-authored, whilst in London with Lilias E. Armstrong, a Burmese phonetic reader in 1925. [1] [2] Pe Maung Tin was a prodigious writer, and his works, such as a Burmese grammar (1951–1955), selections of Burmese prose, a history of Burmese literature (1938), and the Visuddhimagga, are still used as references.
MLC's predecessor, the Literary and Translation Commission (ဘာသာပြန်နှင့် စာပေပြုစုရေး ကော်မရှင်), was set up by the Union Revolutionary Council in August 1963, tasked with publishing an official standard Burmese dictionary, Burmese speller, manual on Burmese composition, compilation of Burmese lexicon, terminology, and ...
Burmese is a tonal language, which means phonemic contrasts can be made on the basis of the tone of a vowel. In Burmese, these contrasts involve not only pitch, but also phonation, intensity (loudness), duration, and vowel quality. However, some linguists consider Burmese a pitch-register language like Shanghainese. [21]