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Various machine components used in mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. [1]
Now machines use chemical and electric power to manufacture, transport, and process items of all types. And kinematic synthesis is the collection of techniques for designing those elements of these machines that achieve required output forces and movement for a given input. Applications of kinematic synthesis include determining:
Various post-Renaissance authors have compiled expanded lists of "simple machines", often using terms like basic machines, [9] compound machines, [6] or machine elements to distinguish them from the classical simple machines above. By the late 1800s, Franz Reuleaux [11] had identified hundreds of machine elements, calling them simple machines. [12]
Simple machines provide a "vocabulary" for understanding more complex machines. The idea that a machine can be decomposed into simple movable elements led Archimedes to define the lever, pulley and screw as simple machines. By the time of the Renaissance this list increased to include the wheel and axle, wedge and inclined plane.
In this context, his use of machine is generally interpreted to mean mechanism. The combination of force and movement defines power, and a mechanism manages power to achieve a desired set of forces and movement. A mechanism is usually a piece of a larger process, known as a mechanical system or machine.
Some mechanisms that produce reciprocating, or repeating, motion are designed to produce symmetrical motion. That is, the forward stroke of the machine moves at the same pace as the return stroke. These mechanisms, which are often referred to as in-line design, usually do work in both directions, as they exert the same force in both directions. [6]
In 2017, its 12th edition, published by McGraw-Hill, marked the 100th anniversary of the work. The handbook was translated into several languages. The handbook was translated into several languages. Lionel S. Marks was a professor of mechanical engineering at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1900s.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to machines: Machine – mechanical system that provides the useful application of power to achieve movement. A machine consists of a power source, or engine, and a mechanism or transmission for the controlled use of this power.