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Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood, bodily complaints, and sometimes hallucinations and delusions.
Melancholia, one of the four temperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology, representing a state of low mood; Depression (mood), a state of low mood, also known as melancholy; Major depressive disorder, a mood disorder historically called melancholy
A preparatory sketch for the engraving; see also this sketch.. Melencolia I has been the subject of more scholarship than probably any other print. As the art historian Campbell Dodgson wrote in 1926, "The literature on Melancholia is more extensive than that on any other engraving by Dürer: that statement would probably remain true if the last two words were omitted."
Japanese woodblock print showcasing transience, precarious beauty, and the passage of time, thus "mirroring" mono no aware [1] Mono no aware (物の哀れ), [a] lit. ' the pathos of things ', and also translated as ' an empathy toward things ', or ' a sensitivity to ephemera ', is a Japanese idiom for the awareness of impermanence (無常, mujō), or transience of things, and both a transient ...
Monoculturalism is the policy or process of supporting, advocating, or allowing the expression of the culture of a single social or ethnic group. [1] It generally stems from beliefs within the dominant group that their cultural practices are superior to those of minority groups [2] and is often related to the concept of ethnocentrism, which involves judging another culture based on the values ...
Engraving by Jusepe de Ribera depicting the melancholic and world-weary figure of a poet. Weltschmerz (German: [ˈvɛltʃmɛɐ̯ts] ⓘ; literally "world-pain") is a literary concept describing the feeling experienced by an individual who believes that reality can never satisfy the expectations of the mind, [1] [2] resulting in "a mood of weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute ...
Melancholia was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, delusions and obsessions were included. [3] Physicians in the Persian and then the Muslim world developed ideas about melancholia during the Islamic Golden Age.
Examples are DISC assessment and social styles. One of the most popular today is the Keirsey Temperament Sorter , attributed to the work of David Keirsey, whose four temperaments were based largely on the Greek gods Apollo , Dionysus , Epimetheus , and Prometheus , and were mapped to the 16 types of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).