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Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia.It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended.
The most widely employed photosensitizer in clinical practice is the phenothiazine derivative, methylene blue, which carries a +1 charge. [27] Methylene blue is also favored due to its long record of safe use in patients, both in surgical staining and the systemic treatment of methemoglobinemia. [28]
In patients with significant respiratory distress, supplemental oxygen (in the form of nasal canula or continuous positive airway pressure depending on severity) should be given immediately. [10] [11] If the methemoglobin levels are positive for methemoglobinemia, first-line treatment is to administer methylene blue. [1]
Methyl blue is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C 37 H 27 N 3 Na 2 O 9 S 3.It is used as a stain in histology, [1] and stains collagen blue in tissue sections. It can be used in some differential staining techniques such as Mallory's trichrome stain and Gömöri trichrome stain, and can be used to mediate electron transfer in microbial fuel cells.
Blue baby syndrome can refer to conditions that cause cyanosis, or blueness of the skin, in babies as a result of low blood oxygen levels. This term traditionally refers to cyanosis as a result of:. This term traditionally refers to cyanosis as a result of:.
While the addition of methylene blue to treat cases of methemoglobinemia has been scientifically tested and proven, there are some side effects to note and monitor with high dosages of the antidote. Minor side effects include green or blue discoloration of urine; however, significant side effects include worsening of the present methemoglobinemia.
The chemical indicator generally used for this purpose is "chemical methylene blue solution" that since synthesis has never been exposed to elemental oxygen. It is colored deep blue on oxidation in presence of atmospheric oxygen in the jar, but will become colorless when oxygen is gone, and anaerobic conditions are achieved.
PDT is a multi-stage process. First a photosensitiser, ideally with negligible toxicity other than its phototoxicity, is administered in the absence of light, either systemically or topically. When a sufficient amount of photosensitiser appears in diseased tissue, the photosensitiser is activated by exposure to light for a specified period.
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