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The prototypical append-only data structure is the log file. Log-structured data structures found in Log-structured file systems and databases work in a similar way: every change (transaction) that happens to the data is logged by the program, and on retrieval the program must combine the pieces of data found in this log file. [ 9 ]
A log-structured filesystem is a file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a circular buffer, called a log.The design was first proposed in 1988 by John K. Ousterhout and Fred Douglis and first implemented in 1992 by Ousterhout and Mendel Rosenblum for the Unix-like Sprite distributed operating system.
A server log is a log file (or several files) automatically created and maintained by a server consisting of a list of activities it performed. A typical example is a web server log which maintains a history of page requests. The W3C maintains a standard format (the Common Log Format) for web server log files, but other proprietary formats ...
Following Lisp, other high-level programming languages which feature linked lists as primitive data structures have adopted an append. To append lists, as an operator, Haskell uses ++, OCaml uses @. Other languages use the + or ++ symbols to nondestructively concatenate a string, list, or array.
To display and monitor the collected logs one needs to use a client application or access the log file directly on the system. The basic command line tools are tail and grep. The log servers can be configured to send the logs over the network (in addition to the local files).
For computer log management, the Common Log Format, [1] also known as the NCSA Common log format, [2] (after NCSA HTTPd) is a standardized text file format used by web servers when generating server log files. [3] Because the format is standardized, the files can be readily analyzed by a variety of web analysis programs, for example Webalizer ...
C, C++, Fortran/Fortran90 and Python applications. Performance profiler. Shows I/O, communication, floating point operation usage and memory access costs. Supports multi-threaded and multi-process applications - such as those with MPI or OpenMP parallelism and scales to very high node counts. Proprietary CodeAnalyst by AMD: Linux, Windows
Configuration files can be written in XML, JSON, YAML, or properties file format. Three main components can be defined: Loggers, Appenders, and Layouts. Configuring logging via a file has the advantage that logging can be turned on or off without modifying the application that uses Log4j.