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Napoleon placed the crown on his head himself, spurning the pope's intent to do so. The painting by Jacques-Louise David titled The Coronation of Napoleon depicts the seated pope at the ceremony as Napoleon crowns his wife. Although the pope and the papacy were promised rich gifts and donations, Pius initially refused most of these offers.
In 1798, [1] during the French Revolutionary Wars, French troops under Louis-Alexandre Berthier invaded Rome and captured Pope Pius VI, taking him as a prisoner to France, where he died in 1799. The following year, after a sede vacante period lasting approximately six months, Chiaramonti was elected to the papacy, taking the name Pius VII.
The Council of Paris or National Council was an abortive council of the church that attempted to impose Napoleon I's will on Pope Pius VII on a number of church issues. Held in two key phases from June 17 to August 5, 1811, at Notre-Dame de Paris, the council occurred while the Pope was imprisoned in Savona before being secretly transferred to Fontainebleau on June 12, 1812.
Napoleon was excommunicated by the pope through the bull Quum memoranda in 1809. [346] His will in 1821 stated, "I die in the Apostolical Roman religion, in the bosom of which I was born, more than fifty years since." [347] Napoleon read the Koran in translation and had an interest in Islam and the Orient. [348]
The Pope set out from Rome on 27 February 1782 and, [6] though magnificently received by the Emperor, his mission proved a failure. Nevertheless, not many years later he did succeed in curbing the attempts of several German archbishops at the Congress of Ems in 1786 to win greater independence. [7]
Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel is an 1814 oil painting by the French artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. [1] It depicts the Pope Pius VII conducting Mass in Sistine Chapel in Rome . Pius had previously been kidnapped and detained in France by Napoleon , so Ingres emphasises his restored authority. [ 2 ]
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The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between the First French Republic and the Holy See, signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII on 15 July 1801 in Paris. [1] It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace–Lorraine , where it remains in force .