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The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector. [2] For example, if the electric field vector is vertical (alternately up and down as the wave travels) the radiation is said to be vertically polarized.
Circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are composed of photons with only one type of spin, either right- or left-hand. Linearly polarized waves consist of photons that are in a superposition of right and left circularly polarized states, with equal amplitude and phases synchronized to give oscillation in a plane. [8]
Fig. 2: Linearly-polarized (plane-polarized) sinusoidal electromagnetic wave in an isotropic medium, propagating in the x direction (the ray direction and wave-normal direction), with the electric field vectors E and D in the y direction, and the magnetic field vectors B and H in the z direction.
Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. This 3D animation shows a plane linearly polarized wave propagating from left to right. The electric and magnetic fields in such a wave are in-phase with each other, reaching minima and maxima together.
This 3D diagram shows a plane linearly polarized wave propagating from left to right, defined by E = E 0 sin(−ωt + k ⋅ r) and B = B 0 sin(−ωt + k ⋅ r) The oscillating fields are detected at the flashing point. The horizontal wavelength is λ. E 0 ⋅ B 0 = 0 = E 0 ⋅ k = B 0 ⋅ k
The plane wave is parameterized by the amplitudes. Electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. This diagram shows a plane linearly polarized wave propagating from right to left.
Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave.An individual photon can be described as having right or left circular polarization, or a superposition of the two.
A linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling along the z-axis, with E denoting the electric field and perpendicular B denoting magnetic field In 1845, Michael Faraday discovered that the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light is rotated when the light rays travel along the magnetic field direction in the presence of a ...