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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. [8] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15.8 ± 5.7% of the cardiac output. [9] This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute. [10] [11] [12]
The midbrain is the shortest segment of the brainstem, measuring less than 2cm in length. It is situated mostly in the posterior cranial fossa, with its superior part extending above the tentorial notch. [2] The principal regions of the midbrain are the tectum, the cerebral aqueduct, tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles.
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA), which supplies blood to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobe, thalamus, and midbrain [5] Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of internal carotid artery , while PCA branches from the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior portion of the ...
The superior cerebellar artery arises near the end of the basilar artery. [1] It passes laterally around the brainstem. [1] This is immediately below the oculomotor nerve, [1] which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery.
When significant, arteries can become narrowed enough to reduce blood flow. It contributes to the development of dementia, and has protein similarities to those found in Alzheimer's disease. [176] The brain, although protected by the blood–brain barrier, can be affected by infections including viruses, bacteria and fungi.
The main supply of blood to the brainstem is provided by the basilar arteries and the vertebral arteries. [14]: 740 It is important to note that there is a bit of variability in how these arteries connect and supply blood to the brain, such as where the arteries fuse or are reinforced. The variability that exists allows for syndromes to be ...
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain .
Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion).It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure (ICP).