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Cosubstrates may be released from a protein at some point, and then rebind later. Both prosthetic groups and cosubstrates have the same function, which is to facilitate the reaction of enzymes and proteins. An inactive enzyme without the cofactor is called an apoenzyme, while the complete enzyme with cofactor is called a holoenzyme. [5] [page ...
In linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint of a square matrix A, adj(A), is the transpose of its cofactor matrix. [1] [2] It is occasionally known as adjunct matrix, [3] [4] or "adjoint", [5] though that normally refers to a different concept, the adjoint operator which for a matrix is the conjugate transpose.
For example, an hypothetical organism could have two arbitrary pathways called A and B where some enzymes in both A and B utilize the same cofactors. If scientists wanted to decrease the output of pathway A, they may first consider directly engineering the enzymes involved in A, perhaps to decrease a particular active site's affinity for its ...
This model incorporates the multi-line dot matrix display already used in the TI-30 and 34 MultiView series calculators. This display allows the calculator to perform numeric derivatives and integrals in a way similar to the much more advanced TI-83 series graphing calculators. Maximum expression length is reduced to 80 characters.
In linear algebra, a minor of a matrix A is the determinant of some smaller square matrix generated from A by removing one or more of its rows and columns. Minors obtained by removing just one row and one column from square matrices (first minors) are required for calculating matrix cofactors, which are useful for computing both the determinant and inverse of square matrices.
In linear algebra, the Laplace expansion, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, also called cofactor expansion, is an expression of the determinant of an n × n-matrix B as a weighted sum of minors, which are the determinants of some (n − 1) × (n − 1)-submatrices of B.
The Boolean derivative of the function to one of the arguments is a (k-1)-ary function that is true when the output of the function is sensitive to the chosen input variable; it is the XOR of the two corresponding cofactors. A derivative and a cofactor are used in a Reed–Muller expansion. The concept can be generalized as a k-ary derivative ...
The use of 1,4-butanediol as a smart cosubstrate for cofactor regeneration was the next step towards more sustainable redox biocatalysis (Scheme 1). [1] The formation of a thermodynamically stable gamma-butyrolactone as a co-product drives the reaction to completion while yielding higher reaction rates.