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The cultivation of the tree in South America (Amazon) ended early in the 20th century because of indigenous blights that targeted the rubber tree. [4] The blight, called South American leaf blight, is caused by the ascomycete Pseudocercospora ulei, [13] [14] [15] also called Microcyclus ulei, [16] or Dothidella ulei, which
The high humidity encourages the growth of fungal leaf diseases, and the species that are deciduous avoid immediate transfer of fungal spores from old leaves onto new growth. [7] The Pará rubber tree has been introduced to and is naturalised in many tropical countries in Asia. [2] [8]
South American leaf blight, caused by the ascomycete Pseudocercospora ulei, [7] [8] [9] also called Microcyclus ulei, [10] ended the cultivation of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in South America. [7] On leaf tissue, symptoms of blight are the initial appearance of lesions which rapidly engulf surrounding tissue.
An anamorphic version of the genus Mycosphaerella, Pseudocercospora species are plant pathogens, including the causal agent of the so-called South American leaf blight of the rubber tree. [1] The widely distributed genus is concentrated predominantly in tropical regions. [2]
Rubber latex is extracted from rubber trees. The economic life of rubber trees in plantations is around 32 years, with up to 7 years being an immature phase and about 25 years of productive phase. The soil requirement is well-drained, weathered soil consisting of laterite, lateritic types, sedimentary types, nonlateritic red or alluvial soils.
Experiments in cultivating rubber trees in plantations in the Amazon showed them to be vulnerable to South American rubber tree leaf blight fungus and other diseases and pests—essentially limiting South American rubber production to hunting-gathering rather than agriculture.
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This tree is deciduous, shedding its old foliage before stubby "winter shoots" develop. [1] This may be a response to the fungal leaf diseases that readily occur in the constantly humid environment. The leaves have three elliptical leaflets which have a golden-brown pubescence on the underside.