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  2. Acanthosis nigricans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans

    Acanthosis nigricans is a medical sign characterised by brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. [1] It is usually found in body folds, [2] such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead and other areas.

  3. Hypermobility (joints) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermobility_(joints)

    For some people with hypermobility, lifestyle changes decrease symptom severity. In general, activity that increases pain is to be avoided. For example: Avoiding hyperextension Typing can reduce pain from writing. Voice control software or a more ergonomic keyboard can reduce pain from typing. Bent knees or sitting can reduce pain from standing.

  4. Ligamentous laxity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamentous_laxity

    It can result from whiplash and be overlooked for years by doctors who are not looking for it, despite the chronic pain that accompanies the resultant spinal instability. Ligamentous laxity will show up on an upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the only kind of MRI that will show soft tissue damage. It can only be inferred from a digital ...

  5. Osteoarthritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis

    Among people with hip and knee osteoarthritis, exercise in water may reduce pain and disability, and increase quality of life in the short term. [89] Therapeutic exercise programs, such as aerobics and walking, may reduce pain and improve physical functioning for up to 6 months after the end of the program for people with knee osteoarthritis. [90]

  6. Genu recurvatum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genu_recurvatum

    The normal range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint is from 0 to 135 degrees in an adult. Full knee extension should be no more than 10 degrees. In genu recurvatum, normal extension is increased. The development of genu recurvatum may lead to knee pain and knee osteoarthritis.

  7. Tarsal tunnel syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsal_tunnel_syndrome

    Pain worsens and spreads after standing for long periods; pain is worse with activity and is relieved by rest. Electric shock sensations; Pain radiating up into the leg, [1] behind the shin, and down into the arch, heel, and toes; Hot and cold sensations in the feet; A feeling as though the feet do not have enough padding; Pain while operating ...

  8. Patellofemoral pain syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_pain_syndrome

    Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS; not to be confused with jumper's knee) is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. [4] The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. [2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and ...

  9. Crepitus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crepitus

    Almost every joint in the body can be 'cracked' in this way, but the joints which require the least amount of force to produce this effect include the hallux (big toes), the knuckles and the neck joints. This phenomenon is caused when the movement of the joint lowers the pressure of its synovial fluid, causing the bubbles to form and burst.