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The Spalding Method teaches reading by focusing first on phonics and writing. It was developed by Romalda Bishop Spalding in the late 1950s [ 1 ] as a multi-disciplinary educational tool. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
Open Court Reading; name changed to "Imagine It!" in 2008; Orton-Gillingham; Phono-graphix (1993) – developed by Carmen and Geoffrey McGuinness; Preventing Academic Failure (PAF) program (1978) Reading Mastery by SRA/McGraw-Hill, previously known as DISTAR; Smart Way Reading and Spelling (2001) Spalding Method
Synthetic phonics refers to a family of programmes which aim to teach reading and writing through the following methods: [2] Teaching students the correspondence between written letters and speech sounds (), known as “grapheme/phoneme correspondences” or “GPCs” or simply “letter-sounds”.
Dr. Orton wanted a way to teach reading that would integrate right and left brain functions. He was influenced by the work of fellow psychologist Grace Fernald, who had developed a kinesthetic approach involving writing in the air and tracing words in large written or scripted format, while simultaneously saying the names and sounds of the letters.
Balanced literacy is a theory of teaching reading and writing the English language that arose in the 1990s and has a variety of interpretations. For some, balanced literacy strikes a balance between whole language and phonics and puts an end to the so called "reading wars".
The texts do not stand alone in a reading classroom, and the type of text used influences how text is encountered and likely the instructional approach. [citation needed] Both decodable texts and whole language readers typically have levels to provide an indication of their reading difficulty. In decodable texts, levels introduce new sounds and ...