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However, a phone's IMEI may be easy to change with special tools. [10] [better source needed] In addition, IMEI is an un-authenticated mobile identifier (as opposed to IMSI, which is routinely authenticated by home and serving mobile networks.) Using a spoofed IMEI can thwart some efforts to track handsets, or target handsets for lawful intercept.
A virtual base transceiver station (VBTS) [5] is a device for identifying the temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) of a nearby GSM mobile phone and intercepting its calls, some are even advanced enough to detect the international mobile equipment identity (IMEI).
A selection of mobile phones that can be cloned. Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile telephone cloning involves gaining access to the device's embedded file system /nvm/num directory via specialized software or placing a modified EEPROM into the target mobile telephone, allowing the Electronic Serial Number (ESN) and/or Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) of the mobile phone to be changed.
To avoid confusion the database of GSM Association was renamed to IMEI Database - IMEI DB [1] (it was in 2003-2008, see “Document History” at IMEI Database File Format Specification [2]). Also sometimes a common IMEI database for several EIRs is called SEIR (Shared EIR). In each country, the CEIR can interact with IMEI DB differently.
The international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI; / ˈ ɪ m z iː /) is a number that uniquely identifies every user of a cellular network. [1] It is stored as a 64-bit field and is sent by the mobile device to the network.
SIM box operators often swap SIMs to replace restricted ones. They may also rewrite the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) of the SIM box, often using randomized IMEIs in ranges of or those assigned to common mobile phones to evade detection. The use of SIM boxes is often legal, but the use may constitute breach of carrier contracts.
The Reis telephone was an invention named after Philipp Reis of a telephone-like device he constructed.Reis's first successful work is dated to October 1861. It was the first device to transmit a voice via electronic signals and for that the first modern telephone.
Cameron Michelle Diaz (born August 30, 1972) is an American actress. Prolific in both comedy and drama, her films have grossed over $3 billion in the U.S. box-office. [1] Her output of romantic comedies in the late 1990s and early 2000s established her as a prominent sex symbol and one of Hollywood's most bankable stars, and in 2013 she was named the highest-paid actress over 40. [2]