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The most commonly used source of MSC's is bone marrow aspirate. Most of the adult bone marrow consists of blood cells in various stages of differentiation. [10] These marrow components can be divided into plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and nucleated cells. The adult stem cell fraction is present in the nucleated cells of the marrow.
The main risk factors for osteoarthritis are age [2] [3] and body mass index, [4] [3] as such, OA is predominantly considered a disease of aging. [5] [6] As the body ages, catabolic factors begin to predominate over anabolic factors resulting in a reduction of extracellular matrix gene expression [7] and reduced cellularity [8] [7] in articular ...
The first physician to perform a successful human bone-marrow transplant on a disease other than cancer was Robert A. Good at the University of Minnesota in 1968. [75] In 1975, John Kersey, also of the University of Minnesota, performed the first successful bone-marrow transplant to cure lymphoma.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. [16] [17] [13] It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin).
Bone marrow was the original source of MSCs, [17] and is still the most frequently utilized source. These bone marrow stem cells do not contribute to the formation of blood cells, and so do not express the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34. They are sometimes referred to as bone marrow stromal stem cells. [18]
Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and the use of high-dose steroids. [1] The condition may also occur without any clear reason. [1] The most commonly affected bone is the femur (thigh bone). [1] Other relatively common sites include the upper arm bone, knee, shoulder, and ankle. [1]
Shoulder arthritis is a clinical condition in which the joint that connects the ball of the arm bone (humeral head) to the shoulder blade socket (glenoid) has damaged or worn out cartilage. Normally the ends of the bone are covered with hyaline articular cartilage , a surface so smooth that the friction at the joint is less than that of an ice ...
Bone Marrow Transplantation is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering transplantation of bone marrow in humans. It is published monthly by Nature Research . The scope of the journal includes stem cell biology , transplantation immunology , translational research , and clinical results of specific transplant protocols.
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