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The lanthanide contraction is the greater-than-expected decrease in atomic radii and ionic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series, from left to right. It is caused by the poor shielding effect of nuclear charge by the 4f electrons along with the expected periodic trend of increasing electronegativity and nuclear charge on moving from left to right.
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely upper motor neuron lesions. [1] Impaired ability of damaged motor neurons to regulate descending pathways gives rise to disordered spinal reflexes , increased excitability of muscle spindles ...
The colors of the γ-sesquisulfides are La 2 S 3, white/yellow; Ce 2 S 3, dark red; Pr 2 S 3, green; Nd 2 S 3, light green; Gd 2 S 3, sand; Tb 2 S 3, light yellow and Dy 2 S 3, orange. [60] The shade of γ-Ce 2 S 3 can be varied by doping with Na or Ca with hues ranging from dark red to yellow, [ 49 ] [ 60 ] and Ce 2 S 3 based pigments are used ...
The long history of research into the active and passive electrical properties of the skin by a variety of disciplines has resulted in an excess of names, now standardized to electrodermal activity (EDA). [1] [2] [3] The traditional theory of EDA holds that skin resistance varies with the state of sweat glands in the skin.
In humans, some of the more common skin appendages are hairs (sensation, heat loss, filter for breathing, protection), arrector pilli (smooth muscles that pull hairs straight), sebaceous glands (secrete sebum onto hair follicle, which oils the hair), sweat glands (can secrete sweat with strong odour or with a faint odour (merocrine or eccrine ...
Wound contracture is a process that may occur during wound healing when an excess of wound contraction, a normal healing process, leads to physical deformity characterized by skin constriction and functional limitations. [1] [2] [3] Wound contractures may be seen after serious burns and may occur on the palms, the soles, and the anterior thorax ...
While there is no proven best benefit-to-risk ratio, [11] if prolonged use of a topical steroid on a skin surface is required, a pulse therapy should be undertaken. Pulse therapy refers to the application of a corticosteroid for 2 or 3 consecutive days each week or two. This is useful for maintaining control of chronic diseases.
The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units, each with hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and associated arrector pili muscle. [4]