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Where is the bubble column hydraulic diameter, is the surface tension, is the acceleration due to gravity, is the liquid phase density, and is the gas phase density. For example, at ambient temperature and pressure and considering air and water as working fluids, a bubble column is classified as a large-diameter if it has a hydraulic diameter ...
A gas pycnometer is a laboratory device used for measuring the density—or, more accurately, the volume—of solids, be they regularly shaped, porous or non-porous, monolithic, powdered, granular or in some way comminuted, employing some method of gas displacement and the volume:pressure relationship known as Boyle's law.
Schematics of a typical falling-film column. In the most common case, the column contains one liquid stream and one gas stream. The liquid forms a thin film that covers the inner surface of the vessel; [1] the gas stream is normally injected from the bottom of the column, so the two fluids are subjected to a counter-current exchange of matter and heat, that happens through the gas-liquid ...
For example, Paraffin has very large molecules and thus a high heat capacity per mole, but as a substance it does not have remarkable heat capacity in terms of volume, mass, or atom-mol (which is just 1.41 R per mole of atoms, or less than half of most solids, in terms of heat capacity per atom).
— "Values ranging from 21.3 to 21.5 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C have been reported for the density of annealed platinum; the best value being about 21.45 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C." 21.46 g/cm 3 — Rose, T. Kirke. The Precious Metals, Comprising Gold, Silver and Platinum .
is the density of fluid, μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, v s {\displaystyle v_{s}} is the superficial velocity (i.e. the velocity that the fluid would have through the empty tube at the same volumetric flow rate),
Conversely, decreasing temperature would also make some water condense, again making the final volume deviating from predicted by the ideal gas law. Therefore, gas volume may alternatively be expressed excluding the humidity content: V d (volume dry). This fraction more accurately follows the ideal gas law. On the contrary, V s (volume ...
The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 °C. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fifth column is the work PΔV done by each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The sixth column is the density of the vapor.