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Fiqh (/ f iː k /; [1] Arabic: فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence. [2] Fiqh is often described as the style of human understanding and practices of the sharia ; [ 3 ] that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions).
The historian Ibn Khaldun describes fiqh as "knowledge of the rules of God which concern the actions of persons who own themselves bound to obey the law respecting what is required , sinful , recommended , disapproved or neutral ". [4] This definition is consistent amongst the jurists.
Uṣūl al-fiqh is a genitive construction with two Arabic terms, uṣūl and fiqh. Uṣūl means roots or basis. Some says, Uṣūl, the plural form of Aṣl, means Rājih (preponderant). It also signifies Qā’idah (rules), which is the real-world application of the word. For example: "every sentence must contain a verb" is a rule of Grammar.
In addition, in religious literature, wajib is widely used for all kinds of religious requirements, without expressing any fiqh definition. As seen above and in many other examples, classifications and labels have a relative character shaped by the understanding of the people and groups who make them.
Sunnī Islam contains numerous schools of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and schools of Islamic theology (ʿaqīdah). [1] In terms of religious jurisprudence , Sunnism contains several schools of thought : [1] the Ḥanafī school, founded by Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān (8th century CE);
Masjid-e Rashid, Darul Uloom Deoband. Fiqh is a term used in Islamic jurisprudence to refer to the understanding and application of Islamic law. [1] It is the process of understanding and interpreting the sources of Islamic law, which include the Quran, Sunnah (the actions and sayings of Muhammad), the consensus of the scholars (), and analogical reasoning (), in order to derive legal rulings ...
Maslaha or maslahah (Arabic: مصلحة, lit. ' public interest ') is a concept in Sharia (Islamic divine law) regarded as a basis of law. [1] It forms a part of extended methodological principles of Islamic jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and denotes prohibition or permission of something, according to necessity and particular circumstances, on the basis of whether it serves the public ...
Ahkam (Arabic: أحكام, romanized: aḥkām, lit. 'rulings', plural of ḥukm, حُكْم) is an Islamic term with several meanings. In the Quran, the word hukm is variously used to mean arbitration, judgement, authority, or God's will.