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Coal mining in the South Wales Coalfield was a dangerous occupation with lifelong health implications. [ 15 ] Between 1849 and 1853, miners over the age of 25 in the Merthyr Tydfil district were found to have a life expectancy of around 20 years lower than in other mining areas of England and Wales.
Hendrewen (Glenrhondda) Colliery 1899 Glenavon Garw Colliery Co. Blaencwm 1966 434 (1923) Rhondda No. 2, Gorllwyn 78 Lady Lewis Colliery 1904 Lewis MErthyr Consolidated Collieries Co, Ynyshir 1930s 1265 (1923) Two feet Nine, Four feet, Six feet, Nine feet, Red 79 Anthony Colliery (Naval No. 4) 1910 Naval Colliery Co, Tonypandy 1958 Unknown
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During the 1840s, Thomas Brown acquired the rights to sink a mine shaft at the site of a farm known as Tir Nicholas, in the hope of reaching the 'Elled' coal seam. The shaft was sunk to a depth of 130 yards and the colliery set up was originally known as Tir Nicholas Colliery, and later the South Wales Colliery.
Nantgarw Colliery (amalgamated with Windsor Colliery in 1974, closed 1986); deepest pit in the South Wales Coalfield when sunk in 1915; Navigation Colliery in Crumlin; Nine Mile Point Colliery at Cwmfelinfach (closed 1964) Oakdale Colliery at Ty Mellyn in the Sirhowy Valley (closed 1989; linked to Markham and Celynen North) Ogilvie Colliery ...
Senghenydd Universal Colliery, site of a major accident in 1913. The coal industry in Wales played an important role in the Industrial Revolution in Wales. Coal mining in Wales expanded in the 18th century to provide fuel for the blast furnaces of the iron and copper industries that were expanding in southern Wales.
The South Wales Valleys contain a large proportion of the Welsh population and remain an important centre of Welsh culture, despite the growing economic dominance of Cardiff. The UK Parliament's first Labour Party MP , Keir Hardie , was elected from the area, and the Valleys remain a stronghold of Labour Party power.
In 1920 the colliery was bought by Vale of Neath Collieries Co., which itself was consolidated into Amalgamated Anthracite Collieries Ltd in 1929. After World War 2 the mines were nationalised, and under British Coal in 1950 the various drift mine workings employed 855 working the Eighteen Feet, Nine Feet and Three Feet seams.