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These clusters include high tech, factor endowment, low cost manufacturing and knowledge service clusters. High tech clusters are incredibly technology oriented and have a much greater dependence on intellectual property due to the constant increasing levels of ideas, innovations and pertinent information. [5]
Drivers of cluster emergence include availability of low-cost labor, geographical proximity to clients (e.g. in the case of Mexico for U.S. clients; Eastern Europe for Western European clients). [17] Knowledge services clusters – Like low-cost manufacturing clusters, these clusters have emerged typically in developing countries. They have ...
Commodity computing (also known as commodity cluster computing) involves the use of large numbers of already-available computing components for parallel computing, to get the greatest amount of useful computation at low cost. [1] This is a useful alternative to high-cost superminicomputers or boutique computers.
Fordism is "the eponymous manufacturing system designed to produce standardized, low-cost goods and afford its workers decent enough wages to buy them." [ 2 ] It has also been described as "a model of economic expansion and technological progress based on mass production: the manufacture of standardized products in huge volumes using special ...
Harwood Manufacturing is a family textile company which became the site for a number of experiments in the behavioral sciences and workplace innovation, beginning in the late 1930s and extending over the next four decades.
Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) "focuses the lens of psychological science on a key aspect of human life, namely, their work lives.In general, the goals of I-O psychology are to better understand and optimize the effectiveness, health, and well-being of both individuals and organizations."
Low transport costs: Physical proximity to other firms and centers of production can minimize costs associated with transportation. While this may have been the case for many manufacturing firms in the United States, Glaeser and Gottlieb argue that reducing transportation costs is more important for firms producing services. [10]
The definition of a clusters of innovation (COI) is an evolution of the original concept of Business cluster which Michael Porter had proposed in 1990 as a "Geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field" [2]