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The areca nut (/ ˈ ær ɪ k ə / or / ə ˈ r iː k ə /) or betel nut is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). The palm is originally native to the Philippines , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] but was carried widely through the tropics by the Austronesian migrations and trade since at least 1500 BCE due to its use in betel nut chewing . [ 1 ]
The best-known member of the genus is A. catechu, the areca nut palm. [1] [4] Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco.
19th century drawing of Areca catechu. Common names in English include areca palm, areca nut palm, betel palm, betel nut palm, Indian nut, Pinang palm and catechu. [1] This palm is commonly called the betel tree because its fruit, the areca nut, which are often chewed along with the betel leaf, a leaf from a vine of the family Piperaceae.
In Vietnam, the areca nut and the betel leaf are such important symbols of love and marriage that in Vietnamese the phrase "matters of betel and areca" (chuyện trầu cau) were historically synonymous with marriage. Areca nut chewing starts the talk between the groom's parents and the bride's parents about the young couple's marriage.
Betel leaf and Areca nut consumption in the world. The betel leaf is cultivated mostly in South and Southeast Asia, from India [6] to Papua New Guinea. [7] It needs a compatible tree or a long pole for support. Betel requires well-drained fertile soil. Waterlogged, saline and alkali soils are unsuitable for its cultivation. [8]
English: Paan, the betel leaf and areca nut preparation for chewing, causes notable psychoactive effects. This preparation widely consumed throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is chewed for its stimulant and psychoactive effects.
The type member of Arecaceae is the areca palm (Areca catechu), the fruit of which, the areca nut, is chewed with the betel leaf for intoxicating effects. Carnauba wax is harvested from the leaves of South American palms of the genus Copernicia .
Tamul (betel nut, raw or fermented) and paan generally conclude the meal. Though still obscure, this cuisine has seen wider notice in recent times. [8] The discovery of this cuisine in the popular media continues, with the presenters yet to settle on the language and the specific distinctiveness to describe it. [9]