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The Second French Empire, [a] officially the French Empire, [b] was the government of France from 1852 to 1870. It was established on 2 December 1852 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte , president of France under the French Second Republic , who proclaimed himself Emperor of the French as Napoleon III.
French mobilization was ordered early on 15 July. [28] Upon receiving news of the French mobilization, the North German Confederation mobilized on the night of 15–16 July, while Bavaria and Baden did likewise on 16 July and Württemberg on 17 July. [29] On 19 July 1870, the French sent a declaration of war to the Prussian government. [30]
From left to right, clockwise: Conflict erupts between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia leading to the Franco-Prussian War in 1870; a fire in Chicago kills approximately 300 people and leaves about another 100,000 people homeless in 1871; Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise is recognized as the source of inspiration for the Impressionist movement; The U.S. Army is defeated by ...
With the capture of Napoleon III, the Second French Empire collapsed and the Third French Republic was declared, provisionally led by the Government of National Defense. Despite German forces reaching and besieging Paris by 19 September 1870, the new French government advocated for the continuation of the war, leading to over four more months ...
The French Third Republic (French: Troisième République, sometimes written as La III e République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.
Alexis Segris until 14 April 1870 [12] Maurice Richard (interim) until 15 May 1870 [13] Jacques Mège from 15 May 1870 [14] Minister of the Navy and Colonies: Charles Rigault de Genouilly [15] Minister of Foreign Affairs: Napoléon Daru until 14 April 1870 [16] Émile Ollivier (ínterim) until 15 May 1870. Agénor de Gramont from 15 May 1870 [17]
The Second French Empire, officially the "French Empire," was an Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third Republic of France. The Second French Empire oversaw some of the most significant achievements in infrastructure and economy, and reasserted itself as the dominant ...
After a brief threat of an invasion of Britain in 1851, France and Britain cooperated in the 1850s, with an alliance in the Crimean War, and a major trade treaty in 1860. However, Britain viewed the Second French Empire with increasing distrust, especially as the emperor built up his navy, expanded his empire and took up a more active foreign ...